Age Getting older is a strong risk factor for lymphoma overall, with most cases occurring in people in their 60s or older. But some types of lymphoma are more common in younger people.
Gender Overall, the risk of non-Hodgkin lymphoma is higher in men than in women, but there are certain types of non-Hodgkin lymphoma that are more common in women. The reasons for this are not known. Race, ethnicity, and geography In the United States, whites are more likely than African Americans and Asian Americans to develop non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Worldwide, non-Hodgkin lymphoma is more common in developed countries, with the United States and Europe having the highest rates.
Some types of lymphoma that have been linked to specific infections described further on are more common in certain parts of the world. Sometimes one or two studies suggest a possible link, but others find something different. Because most types of lymphoma are rare, it can be difficult to work out whether or not a factor increases your chance of developing it or not.
Some chemotherapy drugs used to treat other types of cancer, including other blood cancers, might increase your chance of developing lymphoma in the future. Exposure to radiation, including radiotherapy for other cancers, can also increase your risk of developing lymphoma. Having a body mass index of over 30 obesity increases your risk of developing many types of cancer, including Hodgkin lymphoma , non-Hodgkin lymphoma and chronic lymphocytic leukaemia CLL.
Keeping a healthy lifestyle by maintaining a healthy weight, exercising regularly and eating a healthy diet can reduce your risk of many health problems. Cancer Research UK has more information on reducing your risk of developing cancers by following a healthy lifestyle. Being around high levels of industrial chemicals, solvents, weedkillers and insecticides are possible risk factors for developing lymphoma.
Hair dyes might also be a risk factor, although modern hair dyes seem to be safer than those used in the past pres. Most people who work in these occupations do not develop lymphoma. If you would like further information or would like to talk about any aspect of your lymphoma, please contact us.
Cancer Research UK has information on causes of cancer, including how lifestyle changes can reduce your risk of some cancers. What causes lymphoma? Most people who develop lymphoma have none of these risk factors and the cause is unknown. Back to top Causes and risk factors In medical terms, a cause is something that leads to an illness. For example, there is an association between eczema and T-cell skin lymphoma.
In fact, eczema and skin lymphoma often look very similar. The association might simply be that T-cell skin lymphoma is sometimes misdiagnosed as eczema at first. Causes of lymphoma In most cases, there is no known cause for lymphoma. However, for a few types of lymphoma, scientists have identified a cause: Most cases of gastric MALT lymphoma are caused by a common bacterial infection called Helicobacter pylori.
Usually, Helicobacter pylori causes stomach ulcers and indigestion. It is easily treated. Most people with Helicobacter pylori infection do not get lymphoma, but almost all people who get gastric MALT lymphoma have Helicobacter pylori infection.
Treating the infection often cures the lymphoma. This makes Helicobacter pylori a cause not just a risk factor. It is more common in people with implants that have a rough, textured surface than people with smooth implants. Scientists think it might be caused by an inflammatory reaction to the implant. It typically develops 8 to 10 years after having the implant but it can develop sooner or later than this.
In many cases, removing the breast implants cures the lymphoma. Again, this makes breast implants a cause not just a risk factor. Risk factors for lymphoma There are several risk factors linked to lymphoma. Risk factors for lymphoma include: age family history certain infections a lowered immune system autoimmune conditions other factors. Back to top Age Lymphoma can develop at any age, but most types of non-Hodgkin lymphoma are more common in older people. Back to top Family history Lymphoma is not passed on from parent to child inherited.
Some people with 1 or more risk factors never get cancer. Other people get cancer but have no known risk factors. Some risk factors are very well known. But experts are studying risk factors for many types of cancer. Some risk factors, such as family history, may not be in your control. But others might be things you can change.
Knowing about risk factors can help you make choices that might help lower your risk. Hodgkin lymphoma occurs most often in people in their 20 and 30s or after age Family history. By stage 4, it has spread to more distant organs, and doctors find it more challenging to treat. A doctor may also describe lymphoma as indolent, meaning that it remains in one place. Some lymphomas are aggressive, which means they spread to other parts of the body. With Hodgkin lymphoma, The chances of a good outcome decrease as lymphoma progresses.
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