Ramiro II had a daughter Petronilla before retiring to a monastery. The march was intended as defence against the threat posed by the constant raids of the powerful Muslim emirate of al-Andalus as the Moors called the land they occupied in the nearby Ebro valley to the south.
For its first king, Ramiro I r. This is an excellent example of politics trumping religion and was commonplace during the existence of al-Andalus and the time of the emerging Christian kingdoms: i. The irony does not end here. Ramiro met his death at the hands of the Zaragozans in ; amongst the Leonese-Castilian troops engaged in defending the Moors against Ramiro was a certain Rodrigo de Vivar..
These conquests coincided with and to a considerable degree responded to an increased hardening of attitude towards the Moors. Despite seeing limited tourist traffic compared to other regions, it holds a wealth of unique sights, with villages and towns rich in architectural history picturesquely extending on the hillsides and in the valleys in the midst of the barren, mountainous countryside.
Although it used to have its own language, Aragonese, and laws, over the centuries most of them were lost and it became more like Castile. Nowadays, Aragon, despite its large size, has a population of only 1 million, making it largely uninhabited, with the capital, Zaragoza, holding over half the population.
This language is similar to Catalan and Castilian with some Basque and Occitan influences. Catalan is also spoken in the East of the region Catalan: ' Franja de Ponent , literally West Strip, being West of Catalunya , though it has no official status.
Aragon is connected to France by roads and tunnels Somport but not by train. It has no coast, so it's not accessible by boat. Roads are really good in the region and its towns. Even if you go canyoning or other active sports, typically you don't need a 4x4, as you always leave car on a parking near starting point of activities.
Rock climbing : Los Mallos for serious climbers. Whitewater rafting : Multiple operators and a kayaking school can be found in the town of Campo ; some rafting can be found in Murillo de Gallego. The cierzo wind is very common in the central area of Aragon, around the Ebro valley, during the autumn and winter. Aragon is divided into three provinces from north to south, named after their capitals: Huesca , Zaragoza and Teruel.
The provinces are further divided into 33 comarcas , three of which are in more than one province. There are a total of municipalities in the region. Crown of Aragon in the 15th century.
Before Aragon came into being as a self-proclaimed kingdom in , the northern counties of Jaca , Sobrarbe and Ribagorza were all counties and appanages suzerain to the Kingdom of Navarre. King Sancho set out on his will the primacy of Pamplona over all appanages domains for the personal management of his offspring including Castile, but his younger children set off on separate paths instead, establishing their own kingdoms.
Ramiro I was for the first time named king of Aragon in Later, after his brother Gonzalo's death, he was also named king of Sobrarbe and Ribagorza in The new kingdom grew quickly, conquering territories from the Moorish kingdoms to the south.
Huesca was taken in and Zaragoza in According to Aragonese law , the monarch had to swear allegiance to the Kingdom's laws before being accepted as king. Like other Pyrenean and Basque realms and unlike Castile , the Aragonese justice and decision making system was based on Pyrenean consuetudinary law , the King was considered primus inter pares 'first among equals' within the nobility.
A nobleman with the title "Justicia" [3] acted as ombudsman and was responsible for ensuring that the King obeyed the Aragonese laws. Emblematic allegorical woodcut c. The political constitution illuminates the Aragonian shield that had been enclosed by the royal crown. The dynastic union in between Petronila, Queen of Aragon , and Ramon Berenguer IV , Count of Barcelona, produced a son, Alfonso II of Aragon who inherited all their respective territories creating the Crown of Aragon which included all lands and people, titles and states previously outside of the Kingdom of Aragon.
The Crown of Aragon was effectively abolished after the dynastic union with Castile , see below but the title continued to be used until Each of these titles gave him sovereignty over the specific region, and the titles changed as territories were lost and won. The unsuccessful French assault of Zaragoza in Despite the dynastic union with Castile following the marriage of Isabella I of Castile and Ferdinand II of Aragon at the end of the 15th century following which most former kingdoms in Spain were progressively consolidated during the 16th and 17th centuries, Aragon lasted as a separate kingdom with its own laws and institutions until when Philip V, the first Bourbon king of Spain, invaded Aragon with his army and forced the signature of the Nueva Planta decrees , making Spain into a more centralized state and forcing the use of Castilian language.
As a result of the battle Philip V was forced to abandon Madrid , retreating to Valladolid. During the Peninsular War , the Aragonese capital was the site of two fierce sieges. During the siege in , the Spanish under General Palafox defeated a superior French force. In , during a particularly bloody siege , the Spaniards were overwhelmed by superior enemy forces.
Almost 30, of the garrison and citizens of Zaragoza from a total of 32, perished rather than surrender the city. Two weeks after they breached the walls, the French were still forced to fight for each house, square, church and convent. During the Spanish Civil War , Aragon saw the establishment of various anarchist communes.
The particularly harsh winter of to saw the Battle of Teruel , one of the most bloody of the war, which ended in a Nationalist victory. In Aragon became an autonomous community within the new Spanish democratic state. In Summer , the international exposition of Expo was held in Zaragoza. The current Coat of arms of Aragon was first documented in Its fourth quarter, the Coat of arms of the Crown of Aragon , features on the Coat of Arms of Spain , as well as the flags and heraldry of several territories in Spain and abroad which were ruled by the Crown of Aragon, such as Catalonia , the Balearic Islands and Languedoc-Roussillon.
The flag of modern Aragon, adopted in , has the arms over the Crown arms. It is sung in Spanish with no official translation into Aragonese or Catalan.
Jota musicians and dancers. The traditional dance of Aragon is known as jota and is one of the faster Spanish dances. It is also the most widespread in Aragon and the exact style and music depend on the area. The music to one local dance, "The Dance of Majordomos" of Benasque , was so enjoyed by Rafael del Riego on a visit to the town that he ordered it to be copied resulting in the "Hymn of Riego".
Some instruments have been lost, such as the "trompa de Ribagorza", although there have been efforts to reconstruct them. In Aragonese mythology the bear carried souls between the world of the living and the world of the dead. Trangas dance with young females named "madamas" symbolising "purity" and wearing colourful dresses.
Trenza de Almudevar. With its lush Pyrenean pastures, lamb, beef, and dairy products are, not surprisingly, predominant in Aragonese cuisine. The Torre de Agua was constructed for Expo in Zaragoza, an event which boosted the local economy. Aragon is among the richest autonomous regions in Spain, with GDP per capita above the nation's average. The traditional agriculture-based economy from the midth century has been greatly transformed in the past several decades and now service and industrial sectors are the backbone of the economy in the region.
The well-developed irrigation system around the Ebro has greatly supported the productive agriculture. The most important crops include wheat , barley , rye , fruit and grapes.
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