On January 1, , the United States established official diplomatic relations with China, formally recognizing the government of the PRC as the sole legitimate government of China and Taiwan as a part of China and, at the same time announcing the cessation of "diplomatic relations" with the Taiwan authorities, the annulment of the "Mutual Defense Treaty" and the withdrawal of all its military personnel from Taiwan.
In these historical conditions, the Chinese government, out of consideration for the interests and future of the whole nation, put forward the principle of "peaceful reunification of the country, and one country, two systems" in accordance with the principle of respecting history and reality, seeking truth from facts and taking into account the interests of both sides.
The basic points of this basic principle and the relevant policies are: China will do its best to achieve peaceful reunification, but will not commit itself to rule out the use of force; will actively promote people-to-people contacts and economic and cultural exchanges between the two sides of the Taiwan Straits, and start direct trade, postal, air and shipping services as soon as possible; achieve reunification through peaceful negotiations and, on the premise of the One-China Principle, any matter can be negotiated.
After reunification, the policy of "one country, two systems" will be practiced, with the main body of China China mainland continuing with its socialist system, and Taiwan maintaining its capitalist system for a long period of time to come. After reunification, Taiwan will enjoy a high degree of autonomy, and the Central Government will not send troops or administrative personnel to be stationed in Taiwan.
Resolution of the Taiwan issue is an internal affair of China, which should be achieved by the Chinese themselves, and there is no call for aid by foreign forces.
The afore-mentioned principles and policies embody the basic stand and spirit of adhering to the One-China Principle, and fully respect Taiwan compatriots' wish to govern and administer Taiwan by themselves. Since the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress' NPC's publication on New Year's Day, of the Appeal to Compatriots in Taiwan, the Chinese government has resolutely implemented the basic policy of "peaceful reunification of the motherland, and one country, two systems," advocated national reunification through negotiations, proposed that the two sides facilitate exchanges of mail, trade, air and shipping services, and adopted serious measures on our own initiative to promote the development of the relations between the two sides.
Politically, the Chinese government has readjusted the relevant policies, and alleviated hostility; militarily, it has voluntarily relaxed the posture of confrontation by stopping the bombarding of Jinmen and other islands, and reduced military forces stationed in the coastal areas of Fujian; economically, it has opened its doors widely to welcome business people from Taiwan to make investments and engage in trade activities on the mainland, and protected their legal rights and interests.
In addition, the Chinese government has actively promoted people-to-people contacts and bilateral exchanges in the fields of science and technology, culture, sports, academia and journalism; and authorized the mainland's Association for Relations Across the Taiwan Straits, a non-governmental organization, to establish relations with Taiwan's Foundation for Exchange Across the Taiwan Straits, and engage in talks on economic and routine affairs.
The "Wang Daohan -Koo Chen-fu talks" held in April , Singapore, between the leaders of these two organizations signaled a historically important step forward in the development of relations across the straits. In October Koo Chen-fu paid a visit to Shanghai and Beijing, and reached with Wang Daohan four points of common understanding on dialogues between the two organizations on political, economic and other issues. Adhering to the principle of one China is the basis and prerequisite for peaceful reunification.
China's sovereignty and territorial integrity must never be allowed to suffer division. We must resolutely oppose any statement and action for creating "the independence of Taiwan"; and we must also resolutely oppose the propositions to "split the country and rule under separate regimes," "two Chinas over a certain period of time," etc.
We do not have objections to the development of nongovernmental economic and cultural ties between Taiwan and other countries. According to the principle of one China and the characters of international organization concerned, Taiwan has joined the Asian Development Bank, the Asian-Pacific Economic Cooperation Forum and other international economical organizations in the name of "Chinese Taibei. Only after peaceful reunification is accomplished can our Taiwan compatriots and other Chinese truly and fully share the international dignity and honor attained by our great motherland.
It has been our consistent stand to hold negotiations with Taiwan authorities on the peaceful reunification of the motherland. Taiwan's main cash crops are sugar cane, tea, peanuts, sesame, tobacco, shiso, lemongrass, areca nuts and flowers, among others. There are also many kinds of fruits, and the most common are banana, pineapple, citrus, longan, wax apple, guava and mango. Taiwan is located at the confluence of cold and warm currents. And the total coastline of Taiwan Island and the Penghu Islands is about 1, kilometers.
It is advanced in marine fisheries and aquaculture. Taiwan's written history dates back to AD. The government of the Sui Dynasty dispatched troops three times to Taiwan then called Liuqiu. Around AD during the reign of Emperor Yang of Sui , residents in coastal areas of the mainland began to migrate to Penghu.
Later in the middle of the 12th century, the government of the Southern Song Dynasty put Penghu under the administration of Jinjiang county, Quanzhou of Fujian, and sent troops to guard the territory. During the Song and Yuan dynasties, mainland residents along the coastal areas began to move to Taiwan for land reclamation.
In the mid-late 16th century, the Ming Dynasty restored the once-abolished Penghu Xunjiansi and sent garrisons. And at the end of the Ming Dynasty, the Fujian government and a military and maritime commerce group led by Zheng Zhilong organized large-scale migrations to Taiwan to reclaim and cultivate farmland.
At the end of the 17th century, a total of over , people migrated to Taiwan from mainland coastal areas. Taiwan was then called Dayuan and Taiyuan in the southern Fujian dialect as people from there dominated migration to Taiwan.
During the Wanli period of the Ming Dynasty, official documents began to formally use the name Taiwan. Spain, the Netherlands and other Western colonial powers started their expansion eastward in the 16th century. In , Dutch colonists invaded and occupied southern Taiwan; in , Spanish colonists invaded northern Taiwan; in , the former took over northern Taiwan from the latter.
Later in , Zheng Chenggong better known as Koxinga in the West , arrived in Taiwan with his troops, and in the next year, expelled Dutch colonists and recaptured Taiwan. Due to such a historic achievement, Zheng was recognized as a national hero and called Kaitai Shengwang. Zheng died of illness four months after recapturing Taiwan and establishing a governing authority. His son, Zheng Jing, took the reins in Taiwan and died in In , Emperor Kangxi of the Qing Dynasty dispatched troops to Taiwan, forced Zheng Keshuang, son of Zheng Jing, to surrender, and brought Taiwan back under the control of the central government.
In , the Qing government established Taiwan prefecture under Fujian province, consisting of three counties, Taiwan, Fengshan, and Zhuluo. During the controversial visit, China conducted a live-fire military exercise in the waterway that separates the island from the mainland. This year, President Joe Biden's administration has said its commitment to Taiwan is "rock solid".
In the first few days of Mr Biden's presidency, Taiwan reported a "large incursion" by Chinese warplanes over two days. Then on 12 April, the Taiwanese government said China flew the largest number of military jets into its air defence zone for a year. There is disagreement and confusion about what Taiwan is.
China regards Taiwan as a breakaway province which it has vowed to retake, by force if necessary. But Taiwan's leaders say it is clearly much more than a province, arguing that it is a sovereign state. It has its own constitution, democratically-elected leaders, and about , active troops in its armed forces.
Chiang Kai-shek's Republic of China ROC government, which fled the mainland to Taiwan in , at first claimed to represent the whole of China, which it intended to re-occupy. Since then the number of countries that recognise the ROC government diplomatically has fallen drastically to about Given the huge divide between these two positions, most other countries seem happy to accept the current ambiguity, whereby Taiwan has virtually all of the characteristics of an independent state, even if its legal status remains unclear.
While political progress has been slow, links between the two peoples and economies have grown sharply. Some Taiwanese people worry their economy is now dependent on China. Others believe that closer business ties make Chinese military action less likely, because of the cost to China's own economy.
A controversial trade agreement sparked the "Sunflower Movement" in , where students and activists occupied Taiwan's parliament protesting against what they called China's growing influence over Taiwan. A March opinion poll commissioned by the Taiwanese government shows that currently the majority of Taiwanese support the DPP government's approach in "safeguarding national sovereignty".
More and more people also say they feel Taiwanese, rather than Chinese. In the election Ms Tsai won a record-breaking 8. Between and , the population almost doubled to On the streets, motorcycles and cars replaced bicycles and ox carts.
Chiang Kai-shek died in Martial law was lifted and new political parties were permitted Taiwan now has around The media became far more outspoken, and when restrictions on overseas travel were lifted, vacations abroad including to the Chinese mainland became popular.
He pushed the island further down the democratic road. In , the DPP won both the presidential and parliamentary elections. Taiwan enjoyed an economic boom from the s until the Asian Financial Crisis of , powered by high-tech products such as computer peripherals.
Since then growth has been slower, but Taiwan has made progress on other fronts, introducing a much-admired National Health Insurance system and social welfare programs for the disabled, the elderly and indigenous people.
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