Remove Frame. When you are using or referring to somebody else's words or ideas from a magazine, book, newspaper, song, TV program, movie, Web page, computer program, letter, advertisement, or any other medium. When you use information gained through interviewing another person. When you copy the exact words or a "unique phrase" from somewhere. It is often useful to describe the secondary quotation a little more, and show how it fits in with the first author.
Here is an example. The writer had read Gray et al but wanted to mention another reference they used. To further support their argument , Gray et al summarise a number of other studies which reported positive evaluations of coaching by coachees , including statistics such as "participants estimated return on investment of 5. Studies such as these appear to indicate that coaching can be worthwhile for the individual and the organisation. In this example, only Gray et al will appear in the reference list at the end of the assignment, as this is the only one that the student has read as a primary source.
You can often say that something is similar to an author's point, or connected to an author's point. You can even say that something contradicts an author's point. Using a reference doesn't only mean showing exactly where the information came from. It can also mean showing how information is connected to something that is published. It could also mean showing how an author's statement may be applied in a different context. As some of Bion's work has shown , groups can be particularly resistant to learning, preferring if we can speak of a group as having a "preference" to preserve itself.
As learning often means movement and change, it can be resisted by a group. Whether or not an 'organisation' can be considered equivalent to a 'group' in this context is outside the scope of this discussion, but insights such as those from Bion's work have been applied very usefully to analyses of the way that organisations may function in particularly conservative ways see, for example, Armstrong, It can be useful to remember this when working with various staff members within an organisation.
Perfect referencing is required for a piece of writing to be considered at a professional level. Usually, you need to reference these sources but, confusingly, there are some exceptions. In order to avoid unintentional plagiarism, you should develop the important skill of knowing when to reference. Readers will be able to follow your directions to a source if they are interested in getting more information about it or reading it themselves.
Even though it is quite clear about when to reference in most cases, it may be difficult to realise whether a reference is needed in specific cases. Referencing also lends authority to your work. The first paragraph may be just as interesting as the second, but within an academic context, a context that requires you to show from where you have taken ideas, the second has far more authority, it is more persuasive.
It shows that the ideas you are discussing are matters that are important to your particular academic community. Printed books are not the only sources that require acknowledgement. Poor referencing skills. Why is Referencing Important? Citations are not used simply to avoid plagiarism; they have other important roles too.
Citations also make your writing more persuasive. Exercise: Look at the two paragraphs below: which one seems more authoritative? Paragraph one The importance, or otherwise, of lyrics in popular music, and academic approaches to song lyrics, is subject to much debate.
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