Then in , American inventor Christopher Latham Sholes developed the machine that finally succeeded on the market as the Remington and established the modern idea of the typewriter. Sholes's first try at a typewriting machine was a crude piece of work made with part of an old table, a circular piece of glass, a telegraph key, a piece of carbon paper, and piano wire.
This led to an improved prototype resembling a toy piano in appearance, which is now in the Smithsonian's National Museum of American History. Despite the importance of Sholes's improvements in the machine's mechanical workings over the next several years, the story of the typewriter from to its booming success in the late s is really the story of its staunchest supporter, James Densmore.
Under Densmore's prodding, Sholes improved the first crude machine many times over. Densmore was also responsible for recruiting the machine's first mass manufacturer, E. Remington and Sons, of Ilion, New York, a company that had made armaments during the Civil War and was looking for new products to manufacture.
The early typewriter's greatest problem was in finding a market. No one knew who would want to buy a typewriter. Sholes thought his most likely customers would be clergymen and men of letters and hoped that interest might then expand to the general public. Neither he nor Densmore saw the obvious utility of the typewriter in business. Sluggish economic conditions in the s were partly responsible for this lack of marketing foresight.
Imperfections in the typewriter itself may take another part of the blame. Christopher Latham Sholes originally tried an alphabetical layout in his prototypes, but the keys would jam; his solution shifted three of the most commonly used letters E, T, and A to the left hand, resulting in a design that slowed typists down and avoided jamming on the earliest machines.
It had been the sole layout when Remington cornered the market at the beginning, and by the s, manufacturers, typists, and typing schools had too much invested in the status quo to change, even to a more efficient format. Famed polymath and horologist Rupert T. Gould was fascinated with typewriters his entire life; by the s, he had one of the largest collections in existence—at least 71—and wrote the first independent history of the machine, called The Story of the Typewriter in It has been argued that the typewritten page was an influence in the move in book designs from justified lines to even-spacing between words and the uneven right-hand margins this causes.
I write on a typewriter, almost never in hand … and my machine—an obsolete red-top Royal Portable—is the biggest influence on my work. This red hood hold [ sic ] the mood, keeps my eye happy. Our Privacy Policy sets out how Oxford University Press handles your personal information, and your rights to object to your personal information being used for marketing to you or being processed as part of our business activities.
We will only use your personal information to register you for OUPblog articles. Or subscribe to articles in the subject area by email or RSS. However, the public was initially skeptical of the device and viewed it with suspicion.
To make it worse, the machine could only type in capital letters which some people found insulting. However, with the introduction of Remington No. Vintage typewriter header with old paper. John Misachi September 19 in World Facts. Olympic Games History. Southeast Asian Countries. Krum and Howard Krum make the first commercially successful electric typewriter, Morkrum Printing Telegraph. It was a machine that used a wheel to impress the letters on the paper.
Later teletypewriter used this machine to print remotely sent messages. James Fields Smathers, an American inventor, invented the power-operated typewriter in After several modifications, he delivered a successful model in the year In the year , he handed over this device to the Northeast Electric Company. Later Northeast developed the machine and produced Remington Electric typewriter in the year This model was quite successful and sold over unit.
In , they produced the first Electromatic Typewriter. It was the first successful electric typewriter in the United States. It used a typeball to print letters on the paper. It was a completely new concept and the typeball was replaceable. It was a fast and jam-free typing machine. In the 70s decade, IBM and other typewriter manufacturers started to develop a hybrid version of typewriter and printer.
0コメント